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THE CERTIFICATE OF ADMINISTRATION TRAVEL, TOURISM & HOSPITALITY (CATTH) CERTIFICATE OF ADMINISTRATION IN TRAVEL, TOURISM & HOSPITALITY (CATTH) 1. Philosophy The Certificate in administration in Travel Tourism and Hospitality is designed to develop young Namibians to effectively manage the countries tourism resources to ensure sustained growth of the industry. The course appeals to staff already working in the field and those aspiring to join the industry as employees or operators to its relevance and practical approach.The course prepares students for a role that will ensure adequate human resource to manage the growing tourism industry in Namibia and abroad. The course will give the student the necessary skills to work or operate in a very demanding environment. It will enable graduates to advance to the Higher Certificate in Travel Tourism and Hospitality or gain meaningful employment, start own operation or act as a tourism consultant. 2. Programme Outcomes By the time the graduat e finishes the Certificate of Administration, he/she will be equipped with knowledge, skills and requisite attitude to effectively operate to work in the tourism industry. . Objectives (Purpose) ? By the end of the course, the student will be expected to appreciate tourism industry and the context in which it operates. ? To get the student to understand concepts in Travel Tourism and Hospitality. ? Understand the role of marketing and communication in travel tourism and hospitality. ? To give students the theory and practice of administration and accounting systems in travel tourism and hospitality. ? Appreciation of the role of government in managing tourism resources. 4. Enrolment Standards (Admission Requirements):To be registered for any of the courses, candidates must: Hold HIGCSE senior certificate in four subjects with 1- 4 symbols OR Hold a Grade 12 senior certificate (IGCSE) with a minimum of C symbol in English Language, a pass in Mathematics and a C symbol in three other subjects totaling twenty five points or more OR Enter through flexible learning path – mature age/prior learning with five years relevant experience in various fields of world of work. Apart from a valid IGCSE 22 certificate, applicants must also have attained a minimum of 25 points on the IUM evaluation scale.Please note that achievement of these requirements will not automatically guarantee a place on the degree course, it will be subject to a successful interview/aptitude test (as required) and availability of places. OR The equivalent of any of the above as determined by Senate. 5. Teaching Methods The students will be expected to be responsible for their own learning, nobody can learn for somebody else. Emphasis will be placed upon the need for a student to read extensively in each of the subjects. The role of the lecturer is to stimulate learning and to support and guide that process.Programmed reading will support these endeavours. A wide range of teaching methods will be employed by lecturers from traditional lectures through to small decision-making groups, as well as the use of training films and videos, and advanced business simulations. 6. Learning Standards Class contributions by the students will be encouraged and the extent to which these contributions conform to the teachings of the Certificate of Administration in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality will be an important facet in the success of the student.Individual assignments will be set by the lecturer every two weeks and should usually exceed the standard of the exam. Like the group assignments these will normally take the form of a duplicated handout, that should be returned with the finished assignment. The student will be expected to carry these out without help. It is in the student’s interest to carry out these tests with integrity. They will be marked anonymously by their fellow students against a given marking plan.The tutors will use these results to monitor student progr ess and to make decisions as to whether the student is ready to sit exams when the time comes. (Students may not sit exams unless the lecturer feels he or she has a good chance of succeeding). 7. Credits System As per international acceptable formula, one (1) credit equates ten (10) notion hours (learning). These hours do not include the hours spent by a student in a class. A first year degree IUM student will, therefore, attract one hundred (100) credits. 8. Course Outline Certificate of Administration (100 Credits) ?Mathematics for Business 33 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Spoken and Business English Computer Literacy Professional Presentations Report Writing Namibian and Regional Economics Introduction to Business Accounting I Business Communications I Introduction to Travel, Tourism and Hospitality 9. Assessment & Evaluation The assessment system comprises two components: ? Continuous Assessment (CA) attracts 40% of the final grade ? Formal Exams (FE) attracts 60% of the final grade. The ev aluation system comprises two components: ? Students will be asked to complete evaluation sheets for each subject studied ?An external evaluator will evaluate the course in terms of course content, teaching methods, course resources and assessments. 10. Articulation IUM subjects articulate from Certificate/Diploma to Certificate/Diploma as per the statement in course contents Faculty will decide if and how course work from qualifications from other institutions will articulate with IUM courses. Appeals may be submitted to Senate 11. Credit Transfer Internal students that apply for advanced standing or credit accumulation or credit transfer will have their cases considered by the relevant faculty.Students from outside IUM will have their cases considered by the relevant faculty. Credit from outside institutions may be awarded up to fifty percent of total credits for any qualification conducted by IUM. Appeals may be submitted to Senate 44 ENG – 111- Professional Presentation N QF Level 5 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Credits 10 Demonstrate good communication skills: Speech, Listening, written. Apply appropriate visuals in business communication. Employ investigative and interview skills in business situations. Course Content ? Analysing the importance of good speech and associated characteristics in business. Appreciating the values of listening and acquiring useful techniques to make a better listener. ? Learning how professional speeches and presentations are planned and delivered. ? Understanding how to use the telephone effectively and efficiently. ? Learning about the reasons for meetings and interviews taking place in business organisations. ? Appreciating the steps that need to take place for planning successful meetings and interviews. ? Studying different documents required for formal meetings. ? Analysing the types of interviews that take place and the types of questions asked. Learning how to prepare advertisements, job descriptions and press releases . ? Creating advertisements, job descriptions and press releases. ? Appreciating the different types of visual aid equipment that can be used in business communication. ? Studying the use of visuals in business communication. ? Considering how written communication can be enhanced through the use of colour and lettering styles. ENG – 112 – Spoken Business English NQF Level 5 Credits 10 Module Outcomes: ? Explain linguistics concepts and principles. ? Describe communication. ? Explain the purpose and role of seminars.Course Content Linguistics: ? Applied Linguistics ? Pronunciation ? Enunciation ? Grammar 55 Tutorials ? Selection and formulation of tapes ? Effective deliberation tapes ? SWOT Analysis Perception and Application ? ? ? Seminars ? ? ? Purpose of seminars Acceptable conduct in a seminar Seminar presentation How to illustrate communication Barriers to effective communication How to achieve success in communicated speech MTH – 132 – Mathematics f or Business NQF Level 5 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Credits 10 Calculate basic mathematical models and algebraic computations.Apply BODMAS acronym and its full application. Calculate basic business and financial transactions. Course Content ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Applying the four rules of whole numbers, fractions and decimals Multiplying and dividing negative numbers Comparing numbers using ratios, proportions and percentages. Obtaining values for simple financial transactions involving purchases, wages, taxation, discounts. Converting foreign currencies Making calculations involving roots and powers Evaluating terms involving a sequence of operations and use of brackets.Approximating data using rounding and significant figures. Solving linear and simple simultaneous equations Determine the equations of a straight line through two points. Determining the gradient and intercept of a straight line Drawing charts and diagrams from tabular data Applying general rule and principles of graphical constructions including axes, choice of scale and zero. Identifying points of importance e. g. maximum, minimum and break-even. Calculating and interpreting summary statistics, namely measures of location 66 mean, mode, median) and measures of dispersion (range, interquartile range and standard deviation) ? Applying the laws of probability to mutually exclusive, independent and dependent events. ENG – 113 – Report Writing NQF Level 5 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Distinguish and employ various reports. Demonstrate and use clear and concise language. Practice proper report writing skills. Credits 10 Course Content Nature and Purpose of Reports ? ? ? Necessity of reports Formats for writing reports Use of clear and concise language Informative Reports ? ? ?Purpose Situations where used Case studies Analytical reports ? ? ? Purpose Situations where used Case studies Practical Report Writing ? ? ? ? Formulation of Assignment Report presentation Assessment Correspondenc e ? ? ? ? Letters Memos Faxes Orderly in expression of requested opinion 77 Field Activity ? ? Practical like report writing Assessment and evaluation CSE – 135 – Computer Literacy NQF Level 5 Module Outcomes: ? ? Credits 10 Demonstrate computer literacy skills. Illustrate Information Technology appreciation in problem solving. Course Content Introduction to Microcomputers ?Overview of the development of computers ? Multi-user computers – mainframes and minicomputers, personal computers and their configuration. ? Essential PC Hardware, peripherals and software. ? Introduction to the main types of Software. ? Binary codes and the microprocessor ? Types of PCs – their uses and strength ? Introduction to Operating Systems (DOS & Windows) ? Information processing – online, offline processing, real-time, batch processing, single tasking and multitasking ? Current IT issues – open & proprietary systems and compatibility, information systems securi ty. Data communications – Introduction to Networks, central and distributed computing, wide area and global networks. Microsoft Windows ? Navigating the desktop, customising the desktop, file and folder management, installing and de-installing a program ? Logging onto an internet Service Provider or Online service provider, managing the mailbox, email security, using a browser and search engine effectively and downloading pages, refining searches Microsoft Word ? Open a blank document and type text, recognise the toolbars, Ruler Bar, Scroll Bar, Status Bar ? Spell checking, search and replace, thesaurus ?Page set-up, styles and general Formatting 88 ? Creating a tab set, Columns, Tables and Borders/Shading/Page ? Use word Processor Wizard to create a document such as a fax, an invitation or a CV ? Print preview and printing Microsoft Excel ? Start a blank spreadsheet and navigate between workbooks and sheets ? Enter data, change column widths and row heights, Formatting value s, Calculating, creating and understanding formulae, using Math and statistical functions ? Creating and editing charts ? Auto Form Introduction to Presentations ? Create and present a simple show. Keyboarding ?Introduction to the keyboard and basic typing skills ? Introduction to touch typing to be able to acquire at least 35wpm. FIN – 111 – Namibian and Regional Economics NQF Level 5 Credits 10 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Demonstrate basic economics concepts and principles. Describe economic problems and corresponding economic systems. Explain Namibia’s economic competitive edge over SADC countries. Course Content ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Analysing the Namibian economic structure (namely, Mining, Agriculture, Fishing, Tourism) infrastructure (Transport and Telecommunication), Banking, Insurance.Analysing the Namibian government structure namely Legislation, Judiciary and Executive. Understanding government development plans of government (NDP 1 & NDP 2) Describing the economi es of Southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo) Examining Namibia’s competitiveness in the region and beyond A case study of Namibia’s industrial policy and the export processing zone initiative in particular.Explaining Namibia’s stake in SACU, SADC, COMESA, WTO, and AGOA. 99 SBM – 115 – Introduction to Business I NQF Level 5 Credits 10 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Distinguish between different types of business in public and private sectors. Compare the processes and strategies used by businesses. Analyse business financials. Course Content ? ? ? ? ? ? ? To investigate the purpose and nature of business, looking at the different types of organisations within the Public and Private Sector. Including the activity, size, advantages and disadvantages of a business.To describe the hierarchy and the external influences of both Private and Public Sector companies including conducting a PEST analysis. Researching the services available to organisations including financial services, consultancy services and local government funding. Demonstrate an understanding of how to market a business taking into account the location, marketing mix, product lifecycle, customer needs and relating this to the overall business objective. Demonstrate knowledge of the production processes, quality, stock control and the factors internal and external that affect production within an organisation.Human resource management within a business, to include recruiting, payroll, training and development of employees and health and safety issues. Business finance; being able to demonstrate an understanding of balance sheets and profit and loss accounts within a Public and Private sector organisation. FIN – 1129 – Accounting I NQF Level 5 Credits 10 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? ? Demonstrate basic appreciation of accounting theory and practice. Calculate and use appropriate costing methods to specific business transactions.Practice and illustrate preparation of books of accounts. Interpret financial statements. Course Content ? ? Prepare a trading, profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow report for sole trader, partnerships and limited liability companies, after taking into account a normal range of adjustment to the trial balance necessary for such preparation. Recognise and apply appropriate accounting conventions to a range of transactions within the context of the accounting regulatory requirements. 10 10 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Explain and describe the appropriate of account for different types of accounting transactions and be able to prepare a trial balance from these books of account. To prepare and maintain a range of control accounts appropriate to the books of account. To prepare journal entries and deal with the treatment of suspense account items. Operate, calculate and interpret a range of basic fina ncial ratios appropriate to a set of financial statements, particularly in the key areas of profitability, solvency liquidity, asset utilization and investment ratios.Employ the basic principles of cost behaviour cost ascertainment and to be able to: Classify direct overhead allocation summary Prepare an indirect overhead allocation summary Calculate overhead recovery rates by a variety of techniques and to apply these for the purpose of cost compilation. Explain the difference between fixed and variable costs. Calculate the difference between fixed and variable costs. Calculate break-even points of activity and prepare break-even charts. Appreciate and explain the limitations of break-even analysis.Understanding the basic principles of different costing techniques and to be able to: Define the different costing techniques Explain and understand the differences between each technique, and Calculate cost using any of the techniques. Understand the basic principles of capital investme nt appraisal and be able to calculate and interpret figures using the pay back, accounting rate of return or discounted cash flow methods of investment appraisal. BAN – 1117 – Business Communication I NQF Level 5 Credits 10Module Outcomes: ? Illustrate the purpose of Business Communication. ? Explain the communication process using the Communication Theory. ? Demonstrate the communication process in Business Communication. ? Describe the various tools used in Business Communication. Course Content ? ? ? How to write business correspondence including letters, memos and advertisements. The use of business English in written form looking at spelling, paragraphs, presentation of information and appropriate business language used.To learn and understand the basic principals of communication, including learning how to overcome barriers of communication, appropriate channels of communication, the purpose of communication and presentation of self when communicating. 11 11 ? ? To be able to communicate information in the form of graphs, this also includes identifying trends from the data. To learn and understand the different types of technology used within communication and the effects of it on business and the organisation.TTH – 1217 – Intro to Travel, Tourism and Hospitality NQF Level 5 Credits 10 Module Outcomes: ? ? ? Recognize the importance of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality in relation to National Economic Development. Describe and explain the contribution of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality to the National Gross Domestic Product. Comprehend the economic, social/cultural and environmental impacts of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. Course Content ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The interrelationship and interdependence between leisure, recreation, travel and tourism.The significance of economic, social, cultural, political and environment trends of patterns of leisure and tourism. The characteristics of different types of tourists and their m otivational behaviour. The supply and demand of tourist travel. The dimensions of the travel system in relation to tourism The main motivational factors that influence the tourist’s choice of travel. Evolution of international travel and transport developments that have affected tourism. The relationship between the development of the inclusive package tour and mass tourism.The basic requirement to development of a tourism destination. The roles of, and the relationships between, the main intermediaries within a simple tour distribution system. Government’s interest and involvement with main public tourism organization at both national and international levels. Future trends within the travel and tourism sectors. Upon successful completion of this course, the student is awarded a Certificate of Administration in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. 12 12

Jamestown and Plymouth Compare and Contrast

Jamestown and Plymouth By: Arrow Krueger United State History II Mr. TR Smith NPHS 24 October 12 Jamestown and Plymouth were two separate voyages set for America with different ideas and goals thought out for each. One of these voyages was coming to America so that they could have a better life for themselves, by making a permanent settlement where they could start their lives and their children’s lives again. The other was for economic reasons from a company in London that just wanted to obtain a larger market for manufactured goods coming from England.These voyages were improvements from what we knew of our world back in the 1400’s. Both voyages were varied a lot from one another but meet some of the same obstacles and likenesses. Each journey had things that set them back, and a lot of them weren’t even related to weather. One of the major setbacks was that a lot of people didn’t want to work. The work was very hard, they were starting a whole life new, and since they were, they would need to collect material for homes, if they didn’t have enough equipment for their work, they would have to start making tools which would tire them out fast.The work that they did ended up doing good for the settlers on both sides as a whole at least even if they were set back in the beginning of their time in the new world. The Jamestown voyage happened almost thirteen years before the Plymouth Voyage to America took place. In 1607, 104 men landed in what is now called Virginia. This journey was mostly for economic purposes from a company in London. The creators of the company wanted to expand English trade and obtain a wider market for English manufactured goods. They came on ships from England, and the names of the ships were the Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery.They became the first permanent English settlement in the new world now known as America. The Plymouth voyage took place in 1620 and there were 102 settlers that came on this journey. This voyage was for people from England that wanted a different sort of environment, with different people and laws. These people were in search of a better life for themselves and their families with fewer problems than when they were in England. The people no longer had to worry about how their personal beliefs differed from others, and they didn’t need to abide by the same rules as the government that they had in England.This voyage is the one which mainly shaped the world that we live in now, with laws and beliefs used and allowed even as far back as the 1600’s. Jamestown was situated in the lands of the Tsenacommacah nation of Algonquian Indians in the eastern part of Virginia. The chief of over two dozen tribes in the nation was called Powhatan by the settlers. The Indians had peace for many years before to the arrival of the English, and while they were careful around the new settlers, they did not fear them. Hostile Europeans who landed in North Ameri ca decades before 1607 were common knowledge among the Indians.Indians respected strength they believed Europeans had and were amazed by their weapons. Even so they tested the settler's strength whenever they could. Settlers sometime stole corn from the Indians and Indians sometime stole tools from the English. Such theft occasionally led to fighting back which ended in the loss of life on both sides. Plymouth was settled in the lands of the Wampanoag nation Algonquian Indians in southeastern Massachusetts. The chief of the Wampanoag was named Massasoit. Several years before the Pilgrim's landing the Wampanoag were ravaged by an epidemic.Even with their earlier epidemic, they also feared attack from the Tarrentine Indians which were north of them, and the Narragansetts that were west. Massasoit noticed some common interests he shared with the colonists. Massasoit’s nation needed protection from the other Indian tribes and the colonists needed supplies, and most importantly, k nowledge of how to survive in the wilderness. John Carver, who was the first governor of Plymouth, and Massasoit agreed to a peace treaty in 1621 in which they swore to come to each other's aid, protect each other from insurrection, and never to steal from each other.Tolerance the Pilgrims and Wampanoag showed each other and the peace they worked to maintain were unique in the 17th century. From time to time, each had to yield to the other to preserve peace and address concerns of their constituents, but owing to Bradford's and Massasoit's leadership, peace survived for over 40 years, well after the death of each man. Two examples illustrate this good relationship. Jamestown and Plymouth have a lot in common, like both having contact with the Native Americans, both coming from England, each voyage took place in a different year, and they both sailed to America.On the other hand, Jamestown and Plymouth had quite a bit of things that were different from each other for example, their r eason to leave England, and the amount of people who came on each voyage. Nevertheless both contributed greatly to present American heritage of law, custom, government, religion, and heritage. Therefore Jamestown and Plymouth were very important to modern America, and we wouldn’t be where we are today without these two groups.

Blood Flow and cardiovascular Disease, non lipid cardiovascular risk Essay

Blood Flow and cardiovascular Disease, non lipid cardiovascular risk factors - Essay Example Blood, returning to the heart from all over the body, flows into the right atrium. The blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle, which in turn pump it out to the lungs for oxygenation. Then the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium. From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood flows into the left ventricle which pumps the oxygen-rich blood into the arteries. Pumping or contraction of the left ventricle should be very powerful to keep flowing of the blood throughout the whole body. The strength of the heart muscle depends on the oxygen and nutrient supply coming from the coronary arteries. The walls of these arteries are strong, elastic and flexible. The heart muscle is supplied by three major coronary arteries. Two of them arise from a common stem, called the left coronary artery which supplies the left side of the heart. It divides into left anterior descending branch which supplies the front part of the heart, and the left circumflex branch which supplies the left lateral and back side of the heart. The right coronary is separate and supplies the right and the bottom parts of the heart. The inner layer of the coronary arteries is quite smooth allowing blood to flow easily. With aging, cholesterol and calcium content in the walls of the coronary arteries increases, making them thickened and less elastic. The prolonged effect of risk factors with the consequence of aging, damage of the inner layer of the arteries becomes predominant, especially in the coronaries. This change is called atherosclerosis which is a progressive hardening of the arteries caused by the deposit of fatty plaques and the scarring and thickening of the artery wall. Inflammation of the artery wall and the development of blood clots can obstruct blood flow and cause heart attacks or strokes.[1]Nieminen and colleagues concluded that coronary artery disease is a major cause of heart failure.[4]The deposits or plaques may increase in size and block the arteries. If

Medicare and Medicaid Module 4 ( Case) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medicare and Medicaid Module 4 ( Case) - Essay Example Eligibility to this program is mainly based on the levels of income. Families which fall under the income earners receiving less than sixty percent below the poverty level are liable to receiving Medicaid (Hill, 2006). In addition, pregnant mothers also receive Medicaid as they are in need of prenatal care assistance that is often immediate. The same program also covers children up to 18 years. Medicare on the other hand is meant for disabled individuals, those with problem s, those in need of long term care and those above 65 years. Medicare as a program has been divided into two components; one component applies to those citizen s who require inpatient care, those in need of hospitalization as well as other hospital services. The other component covers medical supplies, outpatient care and special needs for individuals who are disabled. Over the years, Medicare has undergone remarkable changes in terms of changing economics, demographic, health care system and technologies in an effort to meet the needs of the dynamic society. In current times, Medicare has emerged as a vital financial protection base for more than 38millions Americans who are old together with disabled individuals inclusive of their families. The program has not stopped at that as it promises to extend its protection to each and every individual in future. This has made most Americans to appreciate the fact that without Medicare program, a good portion of what they enjoy as their retirement income would have to be set aside for health care payment. So far, the program is regarded as being a success. This can be seen in many sectors with a good example being the health insurance coverage on older Americans where in the early 1960’s it had managed to cover only half of the older population and more so some who were lucky to be covered receive d coverage that was very limited. At that time,

American Gothic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Gothic - Essay Example American Gothic is a highly expressive painting which captures the spirit of an age. Depicting a Midwestern farmer and his daughter, the dour expressions of the faces of both father and daughter, their highly modest clothing and the conservatism which they exude, communicate the hardship of the times. Whether from the modesty of their clothing, the utter dourness of their expression or the plainness of the house in the background, the picture tells the story of an age. It is an age where people lived by their own labor and had to work long hours, leaving hardly any room for pleasurable pursuits, just to survive and make ends meet. Certainly, the picture does not tell a tale of poverty but it tells one of a life of work with no pleasure in order to satisfy the basic requirements of livelihood, decent clothing and shelter. The painting further provides readers with an understanding of male-female relations and roles during the age in question. In this picture, the farmer is pictured holding a large pitchfork and dominates the painting. His daughter is standing just behind him and while he is looking straight ahead, gazing at onlookers, her eyes are averted. The pitchfork is a symbol of the manual labor for which men were responsible and the fact that the daughter is standing behind the father is indicative of the subservient status of females. Added to that, the fact that the man is looking straight ahead and the daughter’s eyes are averted could be interpreted as evidencing the public role of men versus the private role of females. It is, thus, that the male figure is boldly looking at the painter and, hence, directly at us while the female figure is not.

Critical outcomes of assignments 1 and 2 and profile for assignment 3 Essay

Critical outcomes of assignments 1 and 2 and profile for assignment 3 - Essay Example When we look at the three advertisements in question, namely BMW, Nike and Adidas, there are strengths and weaknesses that are projected, related to how these brands are advertised. For instance, in the BMW adverts, the positive side displays confidence, vitality, style; a product that is coveted by others who don’t have it. While on the downside, it directly attacks a rival brand (Audi) by implying that it is inferior and thus may displease the consumer segment who own or prefer Audis at present. What remains to be seen as the most important point though, is that throughout the advertisement an effort is made to establish an emotional connection between the end consumer or the target market and the brand. This is done by projecting the brand image in such a way that people who own BMWs feel proud of their purchase and people who don’t, but aspire to purchase a BMW covet the brand for the luxury it is posed as and the glamour it will bring to their lives when they do ev entually purchase it. Kotler (2000) says that a brand can be defined as â€Å"the name, associated with one or more items in the product line, that is used to identify the source of character of the item†, elaborating this point, Keller (2003) says that then, essentially, â€Å"whenever a marketer creates a new name, logo, or symbol for a new product, he or she has created a brand†. This holds true when practically examined as well. Every now and then, companies are coming up with new brands, each with its own identity and image, each portraying a different color and image and each creating a separate emotional bond with its target market. Branding thus becomes a critical component of a particular product’s strategy (Kotler, 2000). The importance leant to the brand is due to the fact that this is the part of the product that will be actually communicated to the target market, in essence the marketers will use the brand to create and allure for the customers and pique their interest to reel them in. however, in the highly competitive market that firms operate in, in this day and age, only creating a brand is not sufficient. To be successful, a brand must â€Å"create a strong and distinctive image† (Kohli and Thakor 1997) which means that it is essential for a brand to define its unique selling point or its factor of differentiability. Kapferer (1997), says that a brand has eight functions to complete; identification, that is to be able to be easily identified by its target market, practicality, that is to be economical to guarantee a repurchase, guarantee, that is to be quality consistent, optimization, that is to be the category/market leader, characterization, that is to build a strong brand image and identity, continuity, that is to provide continued satisfaction, be hedonistic, that is create an attraction and allure and be ethical, that is socially responsible in actions and implications. Ghodeswar (2008) says that building a b rand from the ground up takes time, the most important thing to focus on is differentiability of the brand so that the customers can forge a bond

Red Light Camera Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Light Camera - Speech or Presentation Example They can give you humble time on the roads, or they make your journey appear long. People affected by road accident can be your friends, relatives, acquaintances and even you. Road safety is paramount to each society in regards to the high number of road carnage that results from violation of traffic rules (Phantom 96). To reduce the number of road accidents in our roads and to ensure that the traffic law breakers are identified and prosecuted, a device that gives evidence over the law breakers has been devised Do you know what they are? They are traffic gadgets that at one point or another you have to encounter them while you are driving- the Red Light Cameras. II. Orientation Phase: A. Point: Today, I want to give you some guidelines on the importance of the red light cameras and discuss the advantages of the red light camera in the traffic system. B. Adaptation: A good number of us drive or will drive over our roads at some point in time. Understanding the red light camera and its advantages in the traffic system is not only important for the those driving over the roads but also for the safety of all other road users and a smooth traffic and order in our roads (Cobra 143). The red light camera can be an important component of traffic enhancement that would serve to guide us in observing the traffic. This is possible only if we get the right motive of the red light cameras and understanding how they work. C. Credibility: the red light camera can be a traffic device you come to love and enjoy their functionality as you drive over the roads or they can become your worst traffic devices as they can land you into several traffic offenses if you fail to understand them. The red light cameras are completely computerized devices that avail the necessary evidence to the concerned authorities for justice to be done on the traffic law violators (Phantom 96). When a road user for instance a motorist, speeds through the intersection of the red light,

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Human Resources - Essay Example The more common usage within corporations and businesses refers to the individuals within the firm, and to the portion of the firm's organization that deals with hiring, firing, training, and other personnel issues. This article will address both definitions." This has come to be regarded as the most integral part of businesses today globally. The labour is an asset in the businesses of today and the way it is managed has loads of effects on the performance and efficiency of the business. Labour is the most important component of the production function. It is the only factor of production that could be changed in the short-run and its performance depends upon a lot in the way it is managed and controlled. The bad and poor management of labour could easily turn it into a liability that would perform inefficiently and thus, the business on the whole will suffer a setback. The human resource department in the company these days has a proper hierarchy and organisational culture and the head of this department is regarded as an important member of the business itself. It is a position that requires constant interaction with the labour and is of great consequence for the firm. The recruitment of labour and the quality and quantity of labour recruited depends upon the human resource department. ... We often come across the terms human resource and personnel management. This leaves confusion in the minds of some whether both are the same or have different meanings and connotations. There is in reality a slight difference between the two. The personnel management could be seen as a prelude to the contemporary human resource management that is prevalent and found amongst the organizations today. We can actually search for and find the concepts relating to human resource management in business literature of old times such as the decade of 1970s.These concepts include theories such as human capital theory and human asset accounting. The contemporary and modern view of human resource management gained recognition in the year 1981 when it was included in the course of the famous MBA of the prestigious Harvard Business School. It was a kind of a prelude and introduction to the kind of courses throughout North America and the rest of the world making this version and interpretation of human resource management highly popular and in vogue. Other interpretations of the concept were developed in Michigan and New York. These ideas travelled to other countries in the decades of 1980s and 1990s that included Australia, New Zealand and Northern Europe including specifically the UK, Ireland and Scandinavia. South and South-East Asia and South Africa also got a taste of the approach. Nowadays, the HRM approach is successfully practiced in many countries of the world. Besides being influential it is practised in many parts of the world. It is essentially practised anywhere where businesses want to prove their mettle and become successful. It is an approach used by businesses; small and big alike. It is also recommended by

Politics of the Middle East - Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Politics of the Middle East - Final Exam - Essay Example There is the observance of the Five Pillars of Islam including Observation of the Holy month of Ramadhan, the giving of alms, prayer, five times a day, the belief in Allah, and Mohammad as his Messenger, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. Both the majority Sunni, and the minority Shia, are in agreements as to the above Islamic essentials, hence a unique way of life is espoused through clothing code, gender socialization, the adherence to the above Five pillars amongst others. Fundamentally so is the Kingdom’s guidance through the Hanbali School of jurisprudence (Fiqh) that being present in existent pre-modern texts provides principals that are rooted in the literal interpretation of both the Quran and Hadith, in addition to being predominantly Sunni. Nonetheless, judgment is often divergent from other previous ones, as Saudi law provides judges with the powers to apply personal interpretations of the Sharia Law (jurisprudence), as principally guided by the above two Books. Apart fro m the above is the presence of royal decrees, these being the other chief source of law and governance. These decrees, supplement existent Sharia Law in such realms as commercial, labor and corporate law. Of importance, though to a lesser degree are existent traditional tribal customs and laws rooted in the traditional aspect of the Saudi people. It is worthwhile to note that the Saudi population is deeply rooted in its divergent ancient-urban traditions that are organized along tribal and clan identities such as the nomadic Bedouin tribal communities (Niblock 56). The existent Sharia court system primarily constitutes the Kingdom’s basic judicial system and processes, with its judges and lawyers forming part of the Kingdom’s Ulema, the religious leadership. In existence also, are extra-Sharia government tribunals, primarily set up to handle royal decree-related disputes. Of fundamental importance, is the final judicial appeal directed towards the King, who through Sha ria Law provides the final procedural measures. However, there exists criticism of the Kingdom’s judicial (justice) system specifically pertaining to its slow, arcane nature, which espouses a lack of some safeguards requisite in this modern era. The judiciary’s top echelon, comprising of mainly the older generation of Ulema, is ultra-conservative posing a hindrance to the Kingdom’s modern interrelationships with the global society. Like a majority of its Arab League neighboring states, the Kingdom is endowed with both oil and gas mineral resources. In fact, it is the leading exporter of crude oil primarily located in the Eastern Province, with oil accounting for roughly 95% of the Kingdom’s exports, in addition to 70% of government revenue (Schlesinger 75). Thus, through these vast oil revenues, the Kingdom, just like a majority of its oil-exporting neighbors, has utilized the same towards rapid modernization, hence promoting a sort of welfare state. Thro ugh its privatization of a majority of its critical industries, such as telecommunications and power/ energy, the government continues to promote economic growth. Through increased oil prices, from 2008-2009, have triggered a second oil boom, akin to that of 1981, with current per capita income being calculated at $7,400; inflation being factored in. Being

Police and Legitimacy Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Police and Legitimacy Law - Essay Example Therefore, for effective governing, an institution has to acquire political legitimacy as this is necessary to prevent the collapse of the government due to various legal setbacks that governs the state. However, there are some political systems that survive despite illegitimately acquiring power. This institution usually seeks the support of individuals who hold influential positions in the society and thereby considering such systems as legitimate despite opposition from the wider mass. Locke further argues that legitimacy comes from the popular consent of the people and without it, any institution formed and operating is illegitimate. Dolf Stanberger defines legitimacy as a foundation of an existence of governmental power with the knowledge of officials of government that they have a right to govern for the benefits of the people (Alderson, 1979). An author by the name of Seymour Martins disagrees with the definitions of Locke and Stanberger on legitimacy. He argues that legitimac y involves a belief by the ruling class that the practiced system of governance is the best and he does not involve the masses as in his definition (Blumberg, 1983). Legitimacy encompasses morality and scholars of moral philosophy define it as the normative position given to the government and other institutions operating in the country by the masses on the acceptance that they use their authority in accordance to the law. Scholars of law distinguish legitimacy from legality. They argue that a government can be legitimate in its composition but they actions can be illegal, for example implementing a budget without parliament’s approval. The police is an organ of the government and its main function is to maintain law and order. In conducting their operations there are always aspects of legitimacy in question. Are they acting within the law or are they violating the same law they are supposed to implement. This paper seeks to analyze legitimacy in the contest of a specific pol ice function. The police function identified is maintenance of law and order in England and Wales (Miyazawa, 1995). In talking about this role, it will highlight its different aspects and how it defines the concept of legitimacy in England and wales. The questions that this paper seeks to answer are two fold, What is legitimacy? How does the police role of maintaining law and order define the concepts of legitimacy in England and Wales? This paper has a concluder which basis its analysis from the research done and it explains other concepts of legitimacy. The main role of the police force is to maintain law and order and in order to function appropriately; the police need public help and support and it’s of great use to them when such support is voluntary and sincere. Such voluntary support from the public comes from the notion of legitimacy. The society has to acknowledge the roles of the police as outlined by the laws governing the state and if police action contravenes the se laws, they will lose legitimacy and therefore getting cooperation from the people becomes difficult. One of the main reasons as to why people agree to cooperate with the police is because they enjoy legal recognition and therefore people view them as a legitimate authority to be obeyed. The public are also concerned with the manner in which the police execute their functions and from their conclusions

Community College Essay Example for Free

Community College Essay An analysis of the public school system reveals one challenge facing community colleges and universities: Rising costs are putting pressure on enrollment or forced schools to limit the number of courses they can offer. Every year the result has been a dramatic drop in the number of students the system can afford to teach. Most colleges have also reduced the size of their staff, and provided fewer student services. Without staff, these young people fail to understand why they are unable to get an education or even graduate from a college or university. The best way to help students avoid budget cuts is Proposition 30, which will not only prevent a possible $6 billion in cuts to public schools and colleges, but it will also provide billions of dollars in public funding that schools at all levels desperately need. Taking this into account, this essay considers the pros and cons of proposition 30, particularly in the form of increasing the personal income tax of higher earning Californians by 1 to 3 percent for seven years. The students who go to a college or university right after high school would benefit immensely from proposition 30. These community college students may find it easier to get classes now that voters have approved a tax measure to help fund public education. Proposition 30 is aimed at sparing college students another round of tuition increases that will prevent them from getting classes. Californias community college system will restore thousands of classes, which means putting an ease on a huge backlog of students unable to complete their degrees. Proposition 30 will make a difference this year by providing community colleges with $210 million in additional funds in 2012-2013 by adding approximately 3,300 classes to the spring 2013 semester. The passage of Proposition 30 means more classes for community college students. â€Å"The passage of Proposition 30 not only saved us from cuts totaling $8.6 million, but provided $1 million in new money for Mt. SAC to add 130 course sections for the spring semester,† said Mt. SAC President Bill Scroggins in a news release (Johnson, 2013). This will help students achieve their goals of continuing their education. Students who choose to go to a university would also benefit from proposition 30 because it would prevent them from having classes cut and being put on a waiting list to get into a class. These students will go from having no or minimal classes to about 200 more classes this spring. Without proposition 30, many of these young people face larger class sizes, tuition hikes, more teacher lay-offs, and will lose over half a billion in funding. Many young people did not understand the consequences if prop 30 did not pass and that the money from prop 30 will go directly to schools and public safety services. Prop 30 prevents deep school cuts, puts more cops on the streets, and helps balance the budget by raising income taxes for the wealthiest Californians. Proposition 30 was placed on the ballot by Governor Jerry Brown and supporters of the proposition include the California Teachers Association. Another group to consider is young people who wish to graduate and continue on to graduate school. Proposition 30 is a critical step in addressing the continual budget crisis that continues to affect many undergraduate and graduate students wishing to continue their education. Many recent undergraduate students end up without any classes to help keep them in the public school system in order to be able to register for the next quarter or semester. For these people proposition 30 is especially important because it will help them be able to continue their education and to graduate with their Master’s degree in whatever major they decide to pursue. If the budget had not passed the cuts would target public schools, community colleges, and universities. The University of California would have seen tuition increase by 20%. Many students cannot afford fee increases year after year. This is causing student loan debt to rise continuously, which is not fair to young people at the start of our adult lives. One argument against proposition 30 is that it does not guarantee one penny of new funding for public schools. Another argument is that California is already a very high tax state and we have the 2nd highest income tax rate, as well as the highest state sales tax rate. If Proposition 30 is approved, California will be by far #1 in income tax rates. There are some people who generally support tax increases in California. The Wall Street Journal stated, â€Å"That California Governor Jerry Brown is trying to sell his tax hike to voters this November by saying it will go to schools. The dirty little secret is that the new revenues are needed to backfill the insolvent teacher’s pension fund.† (FOX, 2012). The people who are opposing Proposition 30 do not fully understand what the measure entails and what benefits it will bring to our California public schools. In conclusion the best way to help students avoid budget cuts is Proposition 30, which will not only prevent a possible $6 billion in cuts to public schools and colleges, but it will also provide billions of dollars in public funding that schools at all levels desperately need. The students who go to a college or university right after high school would benefit immensely from proposition 30. Students who choose to go to a university would also benefit from proposition 30 because it would prevent them from having classes cut and being put on a waiting list to get into a class. Another group to consider is young people who wish to graduate and continue on to graduate school. Proposition 30 helps a big minority of people and this is something us students and teachers should vote on. References FOX, J. (2012). California general election. Retrieved from http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/30/arguments-rebuttals.htm Johnson, M. C. (2013). Diamond bar walnut patch. Retrieved from http://diamondbar-walnut.patch.com/articles/prop-30-means-more-classes-for-mt-sac-students

Transsexualism Case Essay Example for Free

Transsexualism Case Essay Introduction Transsexualism deals with the basic features for the identification of human gender. This aspect has not received much understanding. Popular media has not shown the clear image of transsexualism and stories about the possibility for the occurrence of changes in sex has been explained in a very sensational way. These stories have led people towards the misconception about transsexualism and they do not know what the term ‘transsexualism’ really means. The term ‘transsexualism’ refers to the condition of a person in which a person’s psychological sex is quite different from the physiological sex of that person. Such people think that their soul has been put in the wrong gender body (Butler, 2001). This paper provides information about transsexualism, reality and myths about transsexualism, possible causes of transsexualism, treatment of transsexualism, social, legal and economic implications of transsexualism. What Does Transsexualism Mean? It is very important to understand few terms before the detailed explanation of transsexualism. People usually consider the terms gender and sex as the same concept but in fact they are quite different from each other. The term ‘sex’ provides information about the type of genital organs of a person. Thus this term is specific with the anatomical sex of a person. The term ‘gender’ explains how a person determines himself/herself in terms of female, male or others. The two terms are considered as one by a large number of people because majority of the people think about their gender that is in accordance with their anatomical sex. Anatomical sex has been explained to a greater extent as compared to gender. Some people get confused when they are asked to explain their gender as they do not consider them as a clear male or a clear female. There are two further terms that arise from the term ‘gender’. ‘Gender identity’ shows how a person experience and percept internally about his or her gender. ‘Gender role’ determines how a person spends his or her life in society and how he or she socializes that is dependent on the gender identity of that person (Campbell, 2001). Reality of Transsexualism Transsexualism is a condition in which a person does not like his or her genital sex and feels highly uncomfortable with it. Such feelings are long lasting. Such persons want their genital sex to be opposite of their actual genital sex. They feel that they would live a better and comfortable life with the genital sex opposite to their actual one. They want this change to be on permanent basis. A large number of people consider transsexualism as a psychiatric problem but it has been found that in reality a female body may have a male brain or vice versa. A psychiatrist consultant is assigned to make sure that the person who claims to be a transsexual and wants to change his or her genital sex is indeed a real transsexual. It is also determined that whether the person wishing to change his or her genital sex is mentally stable to cope up with the new gender in the society. Transgenderists is another term that is used by people who feel that their genital sex is not according to their gender and they wish to live their life the way that is opposite to their genital sex. Such people do not go through the process of genital surgery. Myths about Transsexualism Transsexualism is often misunderstood with some conditions that have some common points among them. Transvertism: People in this condition do not wish to change their genital sex though they often get dressed as the opposite sex. Homosexuals and Bisexuals: Such people do not wish to have the sex opposite to their actual genital sex. They attract same sex people. Hermaphrodites: Hermaphroditism is a condition which is very rare. In this condition, the person does not wish to change his or her genital sex neither he nor she considers himself or herself as a person with a gender that is opposite to his or her actual genital sex. Such people have genital sex organs that are not completely developed either in males or females. There is no mismatch of their body with their mind. They just have a body that is strongly intersexed (Elliot, 2001). Possible Causes of Transsexualism Unusual combinations in chromosomes lead to transsexualism though the possibility is 1 in 400. The chromosomes of transsexuals are not standard karyotype like standard karyotype of male (XY) and standard karyotype of female (XX). This is due to some confusion in the hormones when the development of fetus was taking place. Chemicals are another cause for the occurrence of transsexualism. Transsexualism may occur when a woman takes oral contraceptives without knowing that she has already conceived. Some drugs are also responsible for transsexualism when the drugs were given to pregnant women. The most common drug in this regard is diethylstilboestrol. Hormonal disturbance due to oral contraceptives or drugs lead to the birth of transsexual babies. There are some chemical pollutants responsible for the occurrence of transsexualism. Such chemical pollutants are man-made. Some of them are dibenzodioxins and polychlorobiphenyls that are found to bring disruption in androgen and / or estrogen receptors. Transsexualism may also occur without any biochemical reason. Sometimes, transsexualism occurs due to the anemic expectant mother. Sometimes, sufficient amount of nourishment is not received by the fetus, or sometimes sufficient quantity of material hormones become the cause of transsexualism when these hormones result in the disruption of the development of fetus by crossing the placenta in a large quantity. The gender and brain sex of the fetus can not be changed once pregnancy has passed the relevant stage. The brain can never be changed even when some changes may happen in the body due to the alteration in hormones. For this reason, the transsexuals undergo surgery to change their genital sex to match their gender as the brain had been developed (Heyes, 2000). Treatment of Transsexualism Sex reassignment therapy is the only effective treatment of transsexuals. No psychological treatment has been found effective enough for transsexual people. The mental health of transsexual people determines the extent to which the sex reassignment therapy is required. Transsexuals that are suffering from severe anxiety, depression, addictions of different types and possessing suicidal behavior often get much relieved from their problems when they go through the sex reassignment therapy. Gender identity disorder is the way to diagnose transsexualism among people who are ready to be treated psychologically. Transsexual people must have to go through psychological treatment before the sex reassignment therapy. Once they get the label of gender identity disorder, the rest of the way towards the sex reassignment therapy becomes easier for them. There may be some people who have been found with gender identity disorder but they do not wish to change their genital sex. Transsexuals usually do not prefer to undergo psychological treatment as they consider their desire of the sex reassignment therapy as their physical need (Hird, 2000). Social, Legal and Economic Implications of Transsexualism Transsexual people usually face harassment and assault when people around them come to know about their history. Transsexuals prefer to quit their previous job and leave their social circles after the sex reassignment therapy and they start living their life from the scratch. By doing so, they think that no body would ever come to know about their past. Sometimes, the family members and very close friends leave transsexuals after the sex reassignment therapy. The problems of transsexuals become worse when they have to face the legal issues. Such problems vary from country to country. In Britain, transsexuals are not allowed to make any amendment or change in their birth certificate. Where as, in the United States, some state jurisdiction allow transsexuals to make necessary amendments and changes in their birth certificates. They can even replace their original birth certificates with new ones. Other state jurisdictions help transsexuals by sealing their previous records so that their privacy can be maintained. Transsexual people had to face economic crisis after the sex reassignment therapy. They had to quit their previous job as the employers were not at all cooperative with transsexual employees. Now, the situation of economic issues for transsexuals varies from country to country. In the United States, anti-discrimination laws have been passed in California for protecting transsexual employees. The employers are forced to treat their transsexual employees equally. They cannot be terminated (Butler, 2001). Conclusion Transsexualism is a medical reality and it should not be treated psychologically. Transsexuals should be allowed to decide whether they want to go through psychiatric treatment. They should be treated as normal humans socially, legally and economically. References Butler, Judith. (2001). Doing Justice to Someone: Sex Reassignment and Allegories of Transsexuality. GLQ 7, no. 4: 621-36. Campbell, Carolyn. (2001). Transversing across the Genders. Transgender Tapestry 94: 63-68. Elliot, Patricia. (2001). A Psychoanalytic Reading of Transsexual Embodiment. Studies in Gender and Sexuality 2, no. 4: 295-325. Heyes, Cressida. (2000). Reading Transgender, Rethinking Womens Studies. NWSA Journal 12, no. 2: 170-80. Hird, Myra. (2000). Genders Nature: Intersexuality, Transsexualism and the Sex/Gender Binary. Feminist Theory: An International Interdisciplinary journal 1, no. 3.

The Tlatelolco Massacre Night Of Bloodshed And Tears History Essay

The Tlatelolco Massacre Night Of Bloodshed And Tears History Essay The Plaza of the Three Cultures, known as the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in Spanish, symbolizes Mexicos unique cultural heritage. La Plaza de las Tres Culturas was once the center of one of the most powerful Native American empires, the Aztecs, located in the ancient city of Tlatelolco. The square contains the remains of the Aztec temples and is flanked by the Colonial Cathedral of Santiago, and the Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (Department of Foreign of Affairs) building. Las Tres Culturas is in recognition of the three periods of Mexican history reflected by those buildings: pre-Columbian, Spanish colonial, and the independent mestizo nation. The plaza not only represents three cultures but is an important reminder of the Mexican spirit of determination. It is the site where the Aztecs made their final stand against the Spanish army in 1521 and the massacre of 1968. It has been called Mexicos Tiananmen Square, Mexicos Kent State. During the presidency of Gustavo Dà ­az Ordaz (1964-1970), there were several antecedents to the 1968 student confrontations with the Mexican government, but nothing comparable to the Tlatelolco Massacre that occurred on the night of October 2, 1968, in Mexico Citys Plaza de las Tres Culturas. Background The year1968 was a year of political turmoil around the world. The International Olympic Committeeheaded by Avery Brundage from the U.S.had chosen Mexico as the first Third World country ever to host the Olympic Games. This was aimed both to draw oppressed countries into imperialist-dominated world sport and to showcase Mexico as a model of U.S.-sponsored growth and relative stability. Mexico was supposed to provide a contrast to the national liberation struggles which were shaking most of Latin America, Asia, and Africa and sparking rebellions in the imperialist citadels from Detroit to Paris as well. To date, no other Latin America country has subsequently hosted the Olympic Games. The Mexican government invested a massive $150 million in preparations for the Olympics, an ostentatious amount considering the poverty that existed in Mexico. The Mexican president during the Olympics, Gustavo Dà ­az Ordaz ineptly strained tenuous conditions in Mexico in an attempt to preserve the peac e. During the Dà ­az Ordaz presidency, Mexicans endured the suppression of independent labor unions, peasant farmers, and the economy. From this general dissatisfaction with President Dà ­az Ordaz, the student movement was born. Initially their demands were limited to greater employment and respect for university autonomy; however, the struggles of the factory workers and rural peasants soon resonated with them. This movement of rebellious students was touched off on July 24 when a fight between gangs at two high schools connected with the longtime rivals, the Mexican National Autonomous University (UNAM) and National Politechnical Institute (IPN, or Poli), was viciously put down by antiriot police called granaderos. When outraged vocational students protested, granaderos attacked again, killing many. In response, students seized buses and put up barricades to defend their schools. Student strikes and takeovers hit high schools all over the capital. The high school students were supported by UNAM and IPN students. Students from 70 universities and preparatory schools in Mexico formed a grassroots National Strike Council (CNH) and put forward six strike demands: disband the granaderos; fire police chiefs; investigate and punish higher officials responsible for the repression; pay compensation for students killed and injured; repeal laws making social dissolutionbreaking down of societya crime (under these laws many independent unionists and communists had been jailed); and free political prisoners, including students arrested in the recent disturbances as well as those seized earlier for social dissolution. Within three days the government had to call in the army to take back several Mexico City prepas (preparatoriashigh schools connected to universities). There were clashes which led to many hundreds of arrests and injuries. Thirty-two students had been killed since the first confrontation, but this only fired up the youths resistance. The student strike spread to the UNAM, IPN, and universities throughout the country, supported by a majority of professors. By late August and September the students were calling marches of 300,000 to 600,000 people; important contingents of workers and peasants participated regularly. Over the coming months, the student movement gained support from students outside the capital and other segments of society that continued to build until that October, despite several instances of violence. CNH Tactics Student brigades strained their creativity and skills to foil police and get the word out. Engineering students designed balloons which would burst when they got to a certain height and rain leaflets on the heads of pedestrians. Acting students put on realistic street theater in which a student and a conservative woman in pearls and heels carried out loud debates in crowded markets. Hundreds of observers would be drawn in, the majority on the side of the youth, and the advanced would be quietly contacted by undercover students in the crowd. Some students found that they and the barrio or slum dwellers spoke what seemed to be two different languages. They had to throw out bookish talk and learn from the vivid calà ³ slang of the streets. After a full day of brigade work, they would spend the night in classrooms they had taken over, discussing the conditions and outrages the masses had exposed them to and figuring out how to use this new knowledge in their leaflets and agitation. The red and white buses of the IPN, always with some daring students and a loudspeaker perched on the roof, became famous for a kind of roving speak-in. Workers, market vendors, and even mariachi singers would climb up on the bus roof one after another to voice their support or disagreement with the students demands or tactics and to air their grievances. In some neighborhoods, just the appearance of an IPN bus was enough to immediately attract crowds of hundreds of people who would gather around. Students captured the spirit of the people in a way that the national government was never able to do. In fact, the national government was despised by its people. Mexican Government The turmoil of the 1960s in part reflected a widespread dissatisfaction among Mexicans with the rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRI was aptly described in 1968 as entrenched, stagnant, and primarily self-serving in the eyes of many Mexicans. The PRI controlled the nation with an iron fist for over 70 consecutive years. The party has been known to use violence, manipulation and corruption to win elections and hide information from the public, such as the details concerning the Tlatelolco massacre. President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz was known for an authoritarian manner of rule over his cabinet and country, despite Mexico being a democratic country. Luis Escheverria, Interior Secretary to Ordaz, was also known for a no nonsense attitude against student protesters. The Mexican governments planned response to the student rally on the evening of October 2 was called Operation Galeano. The most definitive account of this operation, culminating with the Tlatelolco Massacre, is found in a Mexican special prosecutors report released in November 2006. According to this report, early on October 2 elements of the militarys Estado Mayor Presidencial (the Presidential High Command) were placed in apartments on the upper floors of the Chihuahua apartment building and other apartment buildings surrounding Tlatelolcos Plaza de las Tres Culturas. Once the rally started, the Army, using from 5,000 to 10,000 soldiers (the accounts varying) and more than 300 tanks and other vehicles, would surround the plaza to prevent those attending the rally from fleeing, while armed military men in civilian clothes, members of a unit called the Batallà ³n Olimpia that had been organized to help protect the Olympic Games, would prevent anyone from entering or leaving the Chi huahua apartment building, in which the organizers of the rally were to be arrested. The planned response of the government ended in bloodshed by the order of Luis Escheverria. Tlatelolco Massacre: The Event On October 1, the CNH held two rallies at UNAM. Speakers urged the thousands of students present to attend an October 2 rally at the Plaza de las Tres Culturas, in the Tlatelolco area of Mexico City, to be followed by a march to Casco de Santo Tomà ¡s to demand the withdrawal of authorities from the IPN campus. On October 2, 1968, approximately 10,000 people, most of them students carrying red carnations, arrived in the vast colonial plaza of Tlatelolco for a demonstration. At 6:04 p.m. green and red flares dropped from helicopters, soldiers burst into the square, tanks blocked the exits and an elite plainclothes battalion stormed the speakers platform on the third-floor balcony of an apartment building, where the National Strike Committee, the leadership body of the student movement, was stationed and opened fire. The gunfire lasted for sixty-two minutes, then started again and continued for hours. Late in the evening, when the shooting finally ceased, scores of demonstrators lay d ead and woundedchildren and the elderly among them. The official government explanation of the incident was that armed provocateurs among the demonstrators, stationed in buildings overlooking the crowd, had begun the firefight. Suddenly finding themselves sniper targets, the security forces had simply returned the shooting in self-defense. By the next morning, newspapers reported that 20 to 28 people had been killed, hundreds wounded, and hundreds more arrested. Most of the Mexican media reported that the students provoked the armys murderous response with sniper fire from the apartment buildings surrounding the plaza. El Dà ­as morning headline on October 3, 1968 read as followed: Criminal Provocation at the Tlatelolco Meeting Causes Terrible Bloodshed. The government-controlled media dutifully reported the Mexican governments side of the events that night, painting the students as trouble makers who needed to be brought to order by any and all means necessary. Olympic Games 1968 Controversy The death of hundreds did not even phase the International Olympic Committee. They did not consider to cancelling the games, due to their belief that the massacre was an isolated event involving a social minority. On October 16, 1968, an action by two African-American sprinters at the Mexico City Olympics shook the sporting world. Tommie Smith and John Carlos, the gold and bronze medalists in the mens 200-meter race, took their places on the podium for the medal ceremony barefooted and wearing civil rights badges, lowered their heads and each defiantly raised a black-gloved fist as the Star Spangled Banner was played to show their support for the student protesters and the Olympic Project for Human Rights. Some people (particularly IOC president Avery Brundage) felt that a political statement had no place in the international forum of the Olympic Games. In an immediate response to their actions, Smith and Carlos were suspended from the U.S. team by Brundage and banned from the Olympi c Village. Those who opposed the protest said the actions disgraced all Americans. Supporters, on the other hand, praised the men for their bravery. Tlatelolco Massacre: Response and Investigation Some argue that an understanding of the domestic political context within Mexico explains why the government reacted in such a harsh manner. Mexico stayed relatively isolated from other foreign powers which provided them more freedom in their ability to deal with their domestic problems. The strongest censure from abroad that Mexico received for the massacre was a mild finger wagging from the representatives of a few foreign governments. The worlds failure to confront and condemn the actions of the Mexican government fueled the killing rampage throughout Mexico in the years to follow. In 1998, President Ernesto Zedillo, on the 30th anniversary of the Tlatelolco massacre, authorized a congressional investigation into the events of October 2. However, the PRI government continued its recalcitrance (defiance of authority) and did not release official government documents pertaining to the incident. Eventually in 2001, President Vicente Fox, the historic president that ended the 70-year reign of the PRI, attempted to resolve the greatest of these unanswered questions: who had orchestrated the massacre? President Fox ordered the release of previously classified documents concerning the 1968 massacre. The documents revealed that the students did not open fire first and showed that the snipers were members of the Presidential Guard, who were instructed to fire on the military forces in order to provoke them. President Fox also appointed Ignacio Carrillo Prieto in 2002 to prosecute those responsible for ordering the massacre. In June 2006, an ailing, 84-year-old Luis Eche verrà ­a was charged with genocide in connection with the massacre. He was placed under house arrest pending trial. In early July of that year, he was cleared of genocide charges, as the judge found that Echeverrà ­a could not be put on trial because the statute of limitations had expired. However, in March 2009, after a convoluted appeal process, the genocide charges against Echeverria were completely dismissed. Despite the ruling, prosecutor Carrillo Prieto said he would continue his investigation and seek charges against Echeverria before the United Nations International Court of Justice and the Inter-American Human Rights Commission. In October 2003, the role of the U.S. government in the massacre was publicized when the National Security Archive at George Washington University published a series of records from theCIA, the Pentagon, the State Department, the FBI and the White House which were released in response to Freedom of Information Act requests. The LITEMPO documents detail: That in response to Mexican government concerns over the security of the Olympic Games the Pentagon sent military radios, weapons, ammunition and riot control training material to Mexico before and during the crisis. That the CIA station in Mexico City produced almost daily reports concerning developments within the university community and the Mexican government from July to October. Six days before the massacre at Tlatelolco, both Echeverrà ­a and head of Federal Security (DFS) Fernando Guiterrez Barrios told the CIA that the situation will be under complete control very shortly. That the Dà ­az Ordaz government arranged to have student leader Sà ³crates Campos Lemus accuse dissident PRI politicians such as Carlos Madrazo of funding and orchestrating the student movement. Still, some today believe the United States government was only concerned with security and safety during the Olympic Games 68 and was not involved in the Tlatelolco massacre in any form. Determining who is at fault however, will not change the events that occurred on October 2, 1968. The blood and tears shed that day are still fresh in the minds of those who witnessed the horrific event. Remembering Tlatelolco In 1993, a stele was erected to remember those who lost their lives. The former headquarters of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs is now a memorial museum called Memorial 68 to remember the Mexican student demonstrations and the Tlatelolco massacre victims and survivors. Each year the anniversary of the Tlatelolco massacre is marked with a march to the same plaza and a protest for the release of government records. On October 2, 2008, the 40th anniversary, two marches were held in Mexico City to commemorate the event. One traveled from Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros (Teachers College) to the Zocalo. The other went from the Instituto Politecnico Nacional to the massacre site of the Plaza de las Tres Culturas. According to the Comità © del 68 (68 Committee), one of the organizers of the event, 40,000 marchers were in attendance. Unfortunately, still too many are unfamiliar with the events that occurred since the massacre fails to appear in most history textbooks. When asked how this could be, high school Headmaster Samuel Gonzalez Montano, replied, You cant teach anything that didnt officially happen. As of now, the newest generation of Mexicans only have a general knowledge of the events surrounding the 68 Olympic Games, which are unavoidably intertwined. Gregory P. Groggel, a graduate of the University of Puget Sound, recounts: During a visit to the plaza, I encountered a group of boys playing soccer. When I inquired from one of them if he knew what happened in October of 1968 here in the plaza, he shrugged and looked around. I told him some 300 people died. He seemed lost and turned slowly to read the memorial he was sitting in front of and had lived near his whole life. The end of it reads: Who? Whom? No one. The next day, no one. The plaza awoke swept; The newspapers said for news the state of the weather. And on the television, on the radio, in the theaters, there was not a single change in the program, not a single announcement. Nor a moment of silence at the banquet (or following the banquet). The deaths of so many youths and protesters must not be forgotten. They deserve more than a simple moment of silence. Remember Tlatelolco. Fore, those who can not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.(George Santayana)

College or University Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I have chosen as my topic the complex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whom I know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I know a little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people who lived many years ago but whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the spirit of the other. The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place which we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call logic and rhetoric. They came very close to inventing what we call science, and one of them-Democritus by name-conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and the idea which we know today as ecology. About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago. The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them.

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

The Yellow Wallpaper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story 'The Yellow Wallpaper'; by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator and her husband move to a colonial mansion for three months in order to help the narrator get better. She moves upstairs in this horrid room with yellow wallpaper. Throughout the story she studies the wallpaper because she isn't allowed out of the room that much because her husband, John, a physician, says that it is best that she stays inside. As she learns more about the wallpaper she realizes that she sees a woman inside it and she spends a lot of time plotting how to free the woman. She locks her room and tears off most of the wallpaper and frees the woman. At the end John comes into the room, sees what she has done and faints. Everyone deals with their personal obstacles differently and 'The Yellow Wallpaper'; is a perfect example because there are many different obstacles throughout the story. The narrator and John both handle them differently and a result of which, is an essential change by both of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, John handles everything to an extent but he doesn't solve the problem at hand. He tends to run away from it. For example, when the narrator asks, 'why the house had stood so long untenanted,'; he just laughs at her and doesn't even investigate about it, which proves that he just let it go and does nothing about it. And that is what he does throughout the whole story. Also he 'scoffs openly at any talk.'; This means that he doesn't talk about his problems and he would prefer to keep things bottled up then to express how he is really feeling. He is also always 'going into town for more serious cases.'; This is another way in which John deals with his problems, he runs away from them. He also avoids the actual subject by calling his wife a cute name like, 'bless her little heart,'; and, 'my blessed little goose.'; These quotes just make it so he doesn't have to answer the question and then he has relinquished himself from the situation. Another thing th at he does to handle obstacles is he lies. When the narrator says that she doesn't feel any better, and this happens often, then he just says, 'you are getting better, you are eating more and you have more color today.'; So john handles his obstacles in an inefficient and ineffective matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The... ...hing normally, but she is restricted to a limited amount of socialization. This gives her time to analyze her obstacle and overcome it quicker than John does.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both the narrator and John undergo an essential change. The narrator begins the story as a woman who is somewhat mentally distraught. Throughout the story you can see her become different through her thoughts and actions. By the end of the story she has become clinically insane and is in desperate need for help. John on the other hand does not come to the realization that at the beginning of the story, the narrator has some issues that have to be dealt with and he just ignores them for the most part. Finally at the end of the story he comes to the realization that in fact, his wife is nuts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, everyone experiences obstacles in their life, and all have a different approach in which they attack the obstacle. Some are more effective than others are. The narrator was much more effective than John was because she had time to analyze the problem and then do something about it. Where as John would pretty much just leave it be and hope it eventually went away.

Business Complaint Letter :: Business Complaint Letters Email Credit Cards

1234 Orange Street Smallville, OH 01234 July 1, 2005 Mr. Steve Smith National Manager, Customer Service En Corporation Cool Building, Suite 222 111 Fountain Drive Happy, NH 98765 RE: EnCorp Credit Card: 111 222 333 4 555XX I had been an EnCorp credit card holder for the previous twelve years. Before that, I was a Rose card-holder for over 22 years. I seem to recall that when EnCorp took over/bought out Rose nine years ago, the switch of companies and credit cards was handled smoothly and seamlessly. I wish the same was the case eleven years later when EnCorp recently transferred its credit card operations to NHBank. I was aware of the impending changeover to NHBank a couple of months before it happened. I had received a notice in the mail of the planned change, and it had been discussed at my local EnCorp station when I paid for my gas (with my EnCorp credit card). More than once, I inquired, and was assured that I would receive a new credit card in the mail before the April 1st deadline. Unfortunately, that did not happen. April 1st came and went, without receiving a replacement card, or even an application for a new one. Apparently, I'm the only one that did not receive a replacement card. After realizing that I was without a gas credit card, after 27 years with one, I called a couple of your 1-800 numbers and I was advised that I would have to re-apply for a credit card with EnCorp via the NHBank. I requested an application and one was sent. It appears to be the same kind of application that someone fills out after walking in off the street. The fact that I had been a credit card-holder with EnCorp (and its predecessor Rose before that) for some 25 years in total, did not seem to matter to you, or your friends at the NHBank. It is hard to believe that companies are still doing business this way in the year 2005. Have you (or your colleagues at NHBank) ever heard of MVC (Most Valuable Customer)? Just in case you aren't familiar with this approach, the MVC is the customer that you already have (i.e. me). Normally, these are the customers you do not want to lose and try not to lose. After all, research has revealed that it will cost you six times as much to find a new customer as it does to keep an existing one (i.

Continental Drift Theory and Plate Tectonic Theory

In the early 20th century, German scientist Alfred Wegener published a book explaining his theory that the continental landmasses, far from being immovable, were drifting across the Earth. He called this movement continental drift. Wegener noticed that the coasts of western Africa and eastern South America looked like the edges of interlocking pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. He was not the first to notice this, but he was the first to formally present evidence suggesting that the two continents had once been connected. Wegener was convinced that the two continents were once part of an enormous, single landmass that had split apart. He knew that the two areas had many geological and biological similarities. For example, fossils of the ancient reptile mesosaurus are only found in southern Africa and South America. Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile only one meter (3. 3 feet) long, could not have swum the Atlantic Ocean. The presence of mesosaurus suggests a single habitat with many lakes and rivers. Wegener believed that all the continents—not just Africa and South America—had once been joined in a single supercontinent. This huge ancient landmass is known as Pangaea, which means â€Å"all lands† in Greek. Pangaea existed about 240 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up. Over millions of years, Pangaea separated into pieces that moved away from one another. These pieces slowly assumed their present positions as the continents. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY Plate tectonics is the theory that the outer rigid layer of the earth (the lithosphere) is divided into a couple of dozen â€Å"plates† that move around across the earth's surface relative to each other, like slabs of ice on a lake. There are seven or eight major plates and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually. Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has a higher strength and lower density than the underlying asthenosphere. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge and drag, downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and the Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors is unclear, and is still subject to debate. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Fun Facts: * The highest mountain range above sea level, the Himalayas, was formed 55 million years ago when the Eurasian and Indo-Australian continental plates converged. Due to ongoing convergence, the Himalayas, including Mount Everest, continue to rise by approximately 2 centimeters (?1 inch) each year. * The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs down the center of the Atlantic Ocean. Along its crest, the ridge has a deep rift valley that, on average, is similar to the depth and width of the Grand Canyon: 1 to 3 kilometers (0. 6 -1. 8 miles) deep and 6. 5 to 29 kilometers (4-18 miles) wide. * Scientists are able to calculate average rates of tectonic plate movement for a given time period. These rates of movement range widely. For example, the rate of spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near Iceland is relatively slow, about 2. 5 centimeters (1 inch) per year. This is similar to the rate at which fingernails grow. The fastest known rate of plate movement, 15 centimeters (6 inches) per year, occurs on the East Pacific Rise in the South Pacific. SEAFLOOR SPREADING Seafloor spreading is a process of plate tectonics. New oceanic crust is created as large slabs of the Earth's crust split apart from each other and magma wells up to fill the gap. The large slabs of rock that make up the Earth’s crust are called tectonic plates. As they slowly move away from each other beneath the ocean floor, hot magma from the Earth’s mantle bubbles to the surface. This magma is then cooled by seawater. The new rock forms a new part of the Earth’s crust. Seafloor spreading occurs along mid-ocean ridges—large mountain ranges rising from the ocean floor. New bodies of water and even continents can be created through seafloor spreading. The Red Sea, for example, was created through seafloor spreading, as the African plate and the Arabian plate tear away from each other. Today, the northern Sinai Peninsula connects the Middle East (Asia) with North Africa. Eventually, geologists predict, seafloor spreading will expand the Red Sea so that it will completely separate the two continents. . Seafloor spreading disproves an early part of the theory of continental drift. Continental drift was one of the first theories that the Earth's crust was dynamic and always in motion. Supporters of continental drift originally theorized that the continents moved (drifted) through unmoving oceans. Seafloor spreading proves that the ocean floor itself is the site of tectonic activity. Subduction is the opposite of seafloor spreading. Subduction happens where tectonic plates crash into each other instead of spreading apart. In subduction zones, the edge of the heavier plate subducts, or slides, beneath the lighter one. It then melts back into the Earth's mantle. Seafloor spreading creates new crust. Subduction destroys old crust. The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remains constant.

Fighting Against Violence in the LGBT Community Essay

Fighting Against emphasis in the LGBT CommunityIntroduction madness against the LGBT confederacy of interests is a horrific and stale reality. Violence targeted at this partnership beca delectation of their grammatical g stopping pointer could be physical or psychological. With multiplication changing and an acknow guidegement of LGBT rights growing in that respect has been a reduction in the cases of effect. However, a reduction is non enough- it invites to bring out completely. All of us put wiz over a duty in safeguarding the rights of LGBT. One major(ip) way we undersurface do this is by creating public aw arness. Watching the exposures Celluloid wardrobe and Boys Dont promulgate, reveals the harms that LGBT heap acquire to undergo. It is surprising that til now in the modern arna, fraternity has silence not fully condition elbow room to defend homosexuals. Much needs to be do in this regard. Leaders should spearhead this rubbish against violence dire cted towards LGBT peck. It is outstanding to take in that they be clement bes, and sexual orientations notwithstanding, need to be recognize as such. It is cardinal to realize that quirk will neer end and it is here with us whether we equivalent it or not. In this paper, we view at what factors that motivate violence against LGBT and what lavatory be make to end this violence against the differently innocent population. on that point are galore(postnominal) motivating factors that make the mainstream population in the rules of order resent LGBT association (Meyer, 851). They acknowledge cultural beliefs, ghostly beliefs, fond beliefs and governmental factors. The norm that is socially accepted is that multitude should be heterosexual. Contravening this norm is wherefore separate as social abnormality. The society frowns at any soulfulness that does not aline to what is socially accepted. However, what the tidy sum devising up the society forget is t hat the rendering of what is right or wrong is a matter of choice and highly variable. From the cultural point of view, hu adult maleity has a humor that what they feel found being make is what is right. In addition, they think that how things nonplus been through before is how they should underwrite being done. In this regard, we can realize that heterosexuality is what has been the gloss since antiquity according to the view of the majority. For this designer, homosexuality is taken to be an abnormality in the commentary of the existing finis. Religion itself has its definition of what is right (Meyer, 852). Let us look at the view of Christianity on homosexuality. This is exclusively because Christianity is the largest religious group in the world and its decisions violation a large chip of state. When it tell aparts to relationships, Christianity instigate for a heterosexual relationship. There are two major causations they use to back this argument. First, the y quote the ledger that graven image created a man and a fair sexhood in the beginning. This means that by creating a man and a woman, God valued them to live in a heterosexual relationship. Therefore, according to Christianity, it was Gods scheme to have heterosexual relationships. The second reason that is as well as backed in the Bible is that it is only a man and a woman that can come unneurotic and reproduce. This is biologically true. A man and a man or a woman and a woman cannot reproduce. To support their argument, religious belief states that the reason why God created a man and a woman was for procreation. However, what the religious society forgets is that there are good deal who do not follow their teachings and they have the rights not to do so. There are also those who believe that relationships are not for the purpose of reproduction alone. They can be used to fulfil new(prenominal) humans needs such as blessedness and companionship. Religions discuss car e and love for one an early(a), not hatred and pain. Cultural beliefs harbor respect and growth, not violence and attacking. neighborly beliefs are meant to create togetherness and connection, not come apart volume. pull down though the mainstream population in the society does not agree with the modus vivendi of the masses belonging to the LGBT community, they should accord them their liberty to live in peace. Violence against LGBT is being propagated even today (Kendell, 18). many people have suffered over time on the grounds of homosexuality. Many have died and others injured. In America, there are numerous reports of these cases of violence. Many of the cases are those of assassination. As recent as this year, homosexual rights are being violated. A notable example in the US is the shooting of a man by the name Mark Carson in Greenwich resolution in New York because he was gay. This fortuity happened on May 17, 2013 (Reuters). Homophobia is the leading reason why homos exuals are the target of violence. Those propagating this feebleness are arguing that they are performing in the best interest of the society to prevent this irregular behavior from acquiring deep into the society.They back their argument axiom that they are fostering the future generations from training from what is happening. However, this inhuman violence against LGBT community cannot be accounted for by using such arguments. This is because, the rights of the soul are being violated and to set up that you dont agree with what they are doing does not warrant causing suffering to the point of death on these people. Therefore, it is dispiriting to see these people suffer even at this modern time. pot should airstream up and serving stop this practise once and for all. It is encouraging to see that LGBT community is also actively conflict for their rights. Even though it is not easy contend against the society, slowly and progressively they are make their voices to be get a lined. Before, it was not possible to hear anyone speak astir(predicate)(predicate) gay people or lesbian people in the public. The same case was with transgender issue. This is because there was a huge stigma associated with such issues. null could proclaim in the public that he was gay or she was a lesbian. These individuals entangle isolated from the society. Their problems could not be expose out. It is like they did not exist. However, things have changed in the recent years. These people have complete that they need to live in peace. They have said enough is enough in terms of living in isolation. They have decided to make their presence recognized though amidst resi billet. They have formed lawsuits to advocate for their rights in the society. These movements are headed by hard activists. An example is the braw Liberation movement that was formed in New York to expect the episodes of police harassment. The main objective of this movement was to promote a radic al social change of attitudes towards homosexual people. The movements used play such as demonstrations to contest against the paramount social discrimination. However, in most cases, whenever these movements admit calmly, anti-gay movements come in and attack the LGBT community movements. Therefore, it is clear that a lot to a greater extent needs to be done to protect the rights of LGBT. An example of such a placid demonstration that turned out hugger-mugger is what happened on October 12, 2013 in St. Petersburg in Russia. tour the LGBT community activists were staging a peaceful demonstration, an anti-gay group stormed in against them. This episode led to the arrest of about 67 people including some of the gay activists. The Gay loll was destroyed (Reuters). Another incident occurred in Russia still on November 3, 2013 where an LGBT event in support of receiving free HIV interrogatory was attacked. Two men wearing masks entered the room carrying guns and shot two people in the face (Reuters). The society seems to listen to the operate of the LGBT community although the change is slow to come by (Fredricksen, et al.,22). States are changing their stance to the favor of the LGBT people. Many nations have taken steps in recognizing the existence of LGBT community thanks to their persistence in move for their rights. In the United State, the rights of the homosexuals have been unconditionally stated in the constitution. Laws have been suppose to protect the rights of the homosexuals. Violence against homosexuals is therefore a iniquitous offense in the US. It is classified as a hate-crime. Many nations have followed the same route. The UK has also decriminalized homosexuality. It isalso a criminal offense to attack another person or a group of people on the grounds of homosexuality. Even righteousness is slowly changing its stance on this issue. The Catholic dash offe has condemned violence against homosexuals saw that killing and injuring thes e people does not wimble well with the religion. However, the sad part is that still homosexuals are not accepted in the entire society. They are not given equal treatment like other people. In the US, there is discrimination in get employment. In addition, this discrimination is hold in seeking medical operate such as HIV examination and Counselling. These are the reasons why LGBT activism is not waiver to end any time curtly The proper way to go about agitating for equality and eradicating violence totally is spreading awareness sometimes that can be done in methods other can marches or protests. Pop culture has had a huge impact on the way people keep an eye on and understand the LGBT community. The movie industry has also helped in shedding light on the issue. Two movies specifically, the Boys Dont Cry and the Celluloid Closet have done so. The Celluloid Closet is a accusative that looks into the world of Hollywood gay culture and the progression of stereotypes to a pos itive change. return Code influenced films throughout the years. It presumed that issues of homosexuality would not be discussed or created in the films. Furthermore, the film shows the way homosexuality was portrayed, when it was portrayed. The Boys Dont Cry is a film about a transgender man played by Hillary Swank. This character desires to be a man while she has female parts. In her connector with men, she ends up being raped and beaten. This understandably depicts the suffering of the transgender people. The stigma associated with her case cannot support her to report such a case.Films such as these two discuss truly important topics and visually force people to acknowledge the things that have happened. Moreover, joining organizations and donating to the events that help fight against violence in the LGBT community is another way though which we can help. There have been decades of both violence and growth in relation to the acceptance of the LGBT community. While violence still continues it is important to note that the number of organizations and people fighting for equality has grown to great heights. Meanwhile, the LGBT community is not relenting in their efforts to fight for their rights. The society should learn to tolerate the lifestyle of the people that they disagree with. It is important to remember that these individuals, the homosexuals, are human beings in the first place. They therefore deserve the respect as human beings. The world at large is reading to live with LGBT people. They are slowly getting acceptance. But the fight must continue until when LGBT persons will enjoy full rights effective like others without discrimination. Individuals who arepart of the community and those who are not have come together to end violence and promote respect for all.ReferencesGay rights protest in St. Petersburg ends in clashes, arrests. Reuters. N.p., 12 Oct. 2013. Web. 4Nov.2013..Human Rights Campaign. N.p., 2011. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .Tanzer, Mil es. LGBT Rally In St. Petersburg Ends With Arrests And Violence. Buzzfeed World. N.p., 12 Oct. 2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. .Kendell, Kate. Ending contrariety Based on Sexual Orientaton and Gender individuality. Human Rights 35.4(2008) 18-19. Web.Meyer, Doug. An Intersectional Analysis Of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender (Lgbt) Peoples Evaluations Of Anti-Queer Violence.Gender and Society 26.6(2012) 849-873. Web.Fredricksen, KarenI., MichaelR. Woodford, KatherineP. Luke, and Lorraine Gutierrez. weather Of Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Content In Social bet Education Results From National Surveys Of U.S. And Anglophone Canadian Faculty. ledger of Social Work Education 47.1(2011) 19-35. Web. root document